Gene and DNA Sequence Registry

Record ID	Name	Trait	Donor organism	Function
46095	1-sst	Increased inulin	Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichokes	Involved in inulin biosynthesis by catalysis the synthesis of the trisaccharide 1-kestose from two molecules of sucrose, thereby releasing glucose.
15033	aad	Streptomycin resistance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The aad gene confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as spectinomycin and streptomycin. Typically used as a marker gene.
15013	accd	Reduced ethylene synthesis	Pseudomonas - Bacteria	The accd gene encodes the enzyme ACCd. In the plant, this enzyme catalyzes metabolism of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-arboxylic acid (ACC), an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene.
15012	acs (Dianthus)	Reduced ethylene synthesis	Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnations	The acc gene encodes a truncated copy of the carnation 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous unmodified gene (which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis) through gene silencing.
15014	acs (Lycopersicum)	Reduced ethylene synthesis	Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato	The acs gene encodes a truncated copy of the tomato 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous unmodified gene (which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis) through gene silencing.
15007	als (arabidopsis)	Sulfonylurea tolerance	Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress	The als gene confers tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides through production of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS).
14966	amy797E	Thermostable alpha-amylase	Thermococcales	The amy797E gene encodes a thermostable alpha-amylase. This enzyme splits starch into smaller sugar subunits (saccharification). Splitting starch into sugar is the first step in producing bioethanol from plants.
14991	aph4	Hygromycin resistance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The aph4 gene confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. Typically used as a marker gene.
14967	aphII	Kanamycin resistance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The aphII gene confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. Typically used as a marker gene.
46072	apM1		Mus musculus - House mouse	Adiponectin concentrations correlate negatively with glucose, insulin, triglyceride concentrations, liver fat content and body mass index and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, hepatic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Adiponectin has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease plasma glucose by increasing tissue fat oxidation. Of particular interest is that low adiponectin serum levels predict type 2 diabetes independent of other risk factors. Adiponectin also inhibits the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis suppressing the expression of adhesion and cytokine molecules in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, respectively. This adipokine plays a role as a scaffold of newly formed collagen in myocardial remodelling after ischaemic injury and also stimulates angiogenesis by promoting cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in endothelial cells.
45913	aroA	Glyphosate tolerance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 3-phosphoenolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphate synthetase, an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, is located adjacent and promoterdistal to ser C in the ser C- aroA operon. Loss of function for the aro A gene in the recipient results in a requirement for aromatic metabolites, including tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, p -aminobenzoate (PABA) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate. The requirement for PABA, a metabolite not found in vertebrate tissues, results in attenuation of in vivo growth.
14972	bar	Glufosinate tolerance	Streptomyces hygroscopicus	The bar gene codes for the enzyme phosphinothricin-acetyltransferase (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides.
14973	barnase	Male sterility	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	The barnase gene causes male sterility by producing a ribonuclease enzyme (RNAse) that interferes with RNA production in specific cells of the pollen sac, thus disrupting their normal cell functioning and preventing the development of pollen.
14974	barstar	Fertility restoration	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	The barstar gene restores fertility in a hybrid line by coding for a ribonuclease inhibitor (barstar), which specifically inhibits the barnase expressed by a male sterile line. As a result, when pollen from the fertility restorer line is crossed to the male sterile line, the resultant progeny are able to develop normal anthers and pollen.
46006	beta-gal	Selectable marker genes and reporter genes	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	β-galactosidase is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-galactosides into monosaccharides. Substrates of different β-galactosidases include ganglioside GM1, lactosylceramides, lactose, and various glycoproteins. β-galactosidase activity is easily assayed.
14975	bla	Ampicillin resistance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The bla gene confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. Typically used as a marker gene.
45876	blaZ	Antibiotic resistance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	Beta-Lactamase III is a lipoprotein, a hydrophobic moiety that functions as the anchor of the protein in the membrane lipid bilayer. The amino acid sequence deduced from blaZ contains a 29-residue NH2-terminal segment of the type that can undergo lipid modification. It should also undergo cleavage by the lipoprotein-specific signal peptidase.
15011	bp40	Coloration	Viola - Pansies	The bp40 gene codes for the enzyme F3’, 5’H, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of blue coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin.
14976	bxn	Bromoxynil tolerance	Klebsiella ozaenae	The bxn gene codes for a specific nitrilase enzyme that converts oxynil herbicides, including bromoxynil, to a non-herbicidal degradation product.
14978	cordapA	Amino acid composition (increased lysine content)	Corynebacterium glutamicum	The cordapA gene produces dihydrodipicolinate synthase which results in an increased production of the amino acid lysine.
15027	cp (CMV)	Cucumber mosaic virus resistance	Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV)	The cp gene from CMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by CMV.
15026	cp (PRSV)	Papaya ringspot potyvirus resistance	Papaya ringspot potyvirus (PRSV)	The cp gene from PRSV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Papaya ringspot potyvirus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PRSV.
15020	cp (PVY)	Potato virus Y resistance	Potato virus Y (PVY)	The cp gene from PVY encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Potato virus Y strain O. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PVY.
15024	cp (WMV-2)	Watermelon mosaic virus-2 resistance	Watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2)	The cp gene from WMV-2 encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Watermelon mosaic virus-2. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by WMV-2.
15025	cp (ZYMV)	Zucchini yellow mosaic virus resistance	Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV)	The cp gene from ZYMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by ZYMV.
14979	cp4 epsps	Glyphosate tolerance	Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4	The cp4 epsps gene encodes for a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate and therefore leads to increased tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides.
14985	cry1A(b)	Lepidoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry1A(b) gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis).
14986	cry1A(c)	Lepidoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry1A(c) gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which confers resistance to lepidopteran pests of cotton, such as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens).
14987	cry1F	Lepidoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry1F gene codes for codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and other lepidopterans such as the pink borer (Sesamia spp.), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) and southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella).
14988	cry2A(b)	Lepidoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry2A(b) gene encodes codes for a Bt-toxin, which confers resistance to lepidopteran pests of cotton, such as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens).
14994	cry34Ab1	Coleoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry34Ab1 gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae).
14995	cry35Ab1	Coleoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry35Ab1 gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae).
14989	cry3A	Coleoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry3A gene codes for a Bt-Toxin, which confers resistance to western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica longicornis barberi) and other related coleopteran species.
14993	cry3Bb1	Coleoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis	The cry3Bb1 gene, isolated from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subspecies kumamotoensis, produces the insect control protein Cry3Bb1, a delta-endotoxin. The Cry3Bb1 protein provides protection against the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica vigifera) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi). Cry proteins, of which Cry3Bb1 is only one, act by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the lining of the midgut of susceptible insect species. Following binding, pores are formed that disrupt midgut ion flow, causing gut paralysis and eventual death due to bacterial sepsis. Cry3Bb1 is lethal only when eaten by the larvae of coleopteran insects (i.e., beetles), and its specificity of action is directly attributable to the presence of specific binding sites in the target insects. There are no binding sites for the delta-endotoxins of B. thuringiensis on the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore, livestock animals and humans are not known to be susceptible to these proteins.
14996	cry9c	Lepidoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The cry9c gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae).
15008	dam	Male sterility	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The dam gene causes male sterility by preventing transformed plants from producing anthers or pollen.
15009	dfr	Coloration	Petunia hybrida - Petunia	The gene encodes dihydroflavonol reductase hydroxylase which functions in the biosynthesis of the blue-coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin.
45843	eae		Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)	Mediates intimate bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. The eae gene, encoding intimin, has been sequenced in a variety of AE bacteria including human EPEC and EHEC, AEEC strains isolated from a rabbit, a calf, a dog and a pig, and C. rodentium and H. alvei. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences has revealed that intimins are highly conserved proteins at the N-terminal region, but highly variable at their C-termini. The differences in amino acid sequences at the C-termini are correlated with antigenic variation. On the basis of antigenic variation, PCR analysis and sequencing, at least five subtypes of intimins have been identified: a, b, c, D and e. It appears that specific intimin subtypes are associated with the distinct lineages of human EPEC and EHEC.
45844	espA		Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)	Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) encode a type III secretion system located on a pathogenicity island known as the locus for enterocyte effacement. Four proteins are known to be exported by this type III secretion system--EspA, EspB and EspD required for subversion of host cell signal transduction pathways. Involved in bacteria-host cell interaction The espA gene from the different EPEC strains share at least 65% DNA identity.
14997	GBSS	Reduced amylose in starch content	Solanum tuberosum - Potato	The gbss gene codes for Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS). This gene is inactivated by gene silencing. GBSS is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch and catalyses the formation of amylose.
15004	GmFad2-1	Altered fatty acids and oils	Glycine max - Soybeans	The GmFad2-1 gene codes for a soybean fatty acid desaturase gene (GmFad2-1)
14998	gox	Glyphosate tolerance	Ochrobactrum anthropi	The gox gene produces glyphosate oxidase (GOX) – an enzyme that accelerates the normal breakdown of the herbicide glyphosate into two non-toxic compounds, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate.
46004	gus	Selectable marker genes and reporter genes	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The GUS marker is used to assess gene activity by measuring somatic point mutation frequency.
45945	hex-1	Selectable marker genes and reporter genes	Candida albicans - Yeast	Encodes the major protein in the hexagonal crystals. The Woronin body (WB) is a peroxisome-related organelle that is centered on a crystalline core of the HEX-1 protein, which functions to seal septal pores of filamentous ascomycetes in response to cellular damage. Hex-1 gene expression determines WB-biogenesis at the growing hyphal apex.
15010	Hf1	Coloration	Petunia hybrida - Petunia	The bp40 gene codes for the enzyme F3’, 5’H that allows for the production of blue coloured delphinidin anthocyanin pigments.
46077	hisG		Salmonella typhimurium - Bacteria	PR-ATP synthetase a feedback-inhibitable enzyme, is the first enzyme in histidine biosynthesis.
15000	m epsps	Glyphosate tolerance	Zea mays - Maize, Corn	The m epsps gene encodes for a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate.
46097	niaD			Involved in nitrogen metabolism.
45912	nodD FITA			Donor Organism: This gene is a hybrid nodD gene consisting of 75% of the nodD1 gene of Sinorhizobium meliloti at the 5' end and 27% of the nodD gene of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii at the 3' end. Activates normally inducible nod promoters from several rhizobial species to maximal levels, even in the absence of flavonoids.
45910	nodZ		Bradyrhizobium - Bacteria, Rhizobia	NodZ is essential for the fucosylation of the terminal reducing N-acetylglucosamine residue. NodZ is involved in the synthesis and secretion of signal molecules, which are lipochitin oligosaccharides (LCOs).
45911	nolL		Mesorhizobium loti - Bacteria	NolL is an acetyltransferase that is responsible for acetylation of the fucosyl residue.
15171	nos	Nopaline synthase activity	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	The nos gene codes for nopaline synthase, an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of nopaline - an opine which is formed as the result of the condensation of the amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. Typically used as a marker gene .
15001	nptII	Kanamycin resistance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The nptII (neo) gene codes for an enzyme that phosphorylates kanamycin and confers resistance to this antibiotic. Typically used as a marker gene.
15416	NtQPT1	Reduced nicotine content	Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco plant	The NtQPT1 gene codes for quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPTase). This enzyme is responsible for the production of nicotinic acid, a nicotine precursor, and its insertion in an antisense direction can be used to downregulate expression of the enzyme and reduce production of nicotine in the plant.
15019	orf1	Potato leaf roll virus resistance	Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)	The orf1 gene encodes the putative viral replicase domain that is required for viral RNA synthesis. Through "replicase-mediated resistance", expression of this gene in a transgenic potato plant results in resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PLRV.
15018	orf2	Potato leaf roll virus resistance	Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)	The orf2 gene encodes the putative viral helicase domain that is required for viral RNA synthesis. Through "replicase-mediated resistance", expression of this gene in a transgenic potato plant results in resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PLRV.
15002	pat	Glufosinate tolerance	Streptomyces viridochromogenes	The pat gene codes for the enzyme phosphinothricin-acetyltransferance (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides.
24146	pat (synthetic)	Glufosinate tolerance	Streptomyces viridochromogenes	The pat gene codes for the enzyme phosphinothricin-acetyltransferance (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides. This pat gene is a synthetic version of the gene isolated from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, strain Tü 494. The nucleotide sequence has been modified to provide codons preferred by plants without changing the amino acid sequence of the enzyme.
15015	pg	Reduced pectin degradation	Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato	The pg gene encodes polygalacturonase. By inserting an additional copy of the PG encoding gene in the “antisense” orientation, or in a truncated form, translation of the endogenous PG messenger RNA is reduced which then suppresses the expression of endogenous PG enzyme prior to the onset of fruit ripening.
15378	phyA	Phytate degradation	Aspergillus niger	The phy gene produces a fungal 3-phytase. This enzyme can be utilized to increase the breakdown of plant phytates which bind phosphorus. Phytate is the major storage form of phosphorus in many seeds and phytate-bound phosphorus is unavailable to monogastric animals. Since monogastric animals are not able to degrade this molecule, much of the phosphorus bound to phytate passes into the environment through the manure. Use of the enzyme and appropriate management techniques can lead to a reduction in the phosphorus content of manure, thus improving environmental conditions.
15003	pmi (manA)	Mannose tolerance	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The pmi (manA) gene expresses the PMI protein, which allows the transformed plants to use mannose as an energy source by producing the PMI protein which converts mannose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate, a metabolisable sugar. Typically used as a marker gene.
46002	polh		Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus - EppoNPV	Polyhedrin, a matrix protein of the virus occlusion body, is essential for establishing an infection in an insect through oral ingestion, and for viral transmission in the environment; the absence of this gene renders the virus extremely sensitive to UV radiation (sunlight).
15164	S4-HrA	Sulfonylurea tolerance	Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco plant	S4-HrA is a chimeric gene that codes for a sulfonylurea herbicide tolerant form of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS).
15017	SAMase	Reduced ethylene synthesis	Bacteriophage T3	The SAMase gene encodes S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) hydrolase which is capable of degrading and thus reducing SAM. The conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the first step in ethylene biosynthesis and the lack of sufficient pools of SAM results in significantly reduced synthesis of this phytohormone, which is known to play a key role in fruit ripening.
15387	sam-k	Reduced ethylene synthesis	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The sam gene encodes the enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase, and causes delayed ripening. S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase is capable of degrading and thus reducing S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the first step in ethylene biosynthesis and the lack of sufficient pools of SAM results in significantly reduced synthesis of this phytohormone, which is known to play a key role in fruit ripening.
15177	SuRB (ALS)	Sulfonylurea tolerance	Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco plant	The als gene confers tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides through production of a version of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) resistant to chlorsulfuron.
15005	te	Altered fatty acids and oils	Umbellularia californica - California Bay Laurel	The te gene codes for the enzyme thioesterase (TE) which is active in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of developing seeds and causes the accumulation of triacylglycerides containing esterified lauric acid and, to a lesser extent, myristic acid.
45845	tir		Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)	EHEC produces a functional Tir that is inserted into host cell membranes, where it serves as an intimin receptor. tir sequence differences may explain some of the variation in the clinical outcome resulting from human exposure to E. coli O157:H7. Necessary for tight adherence to intestinal epithelial cells.
14999	uidA	Selectable marker genes and reporter genes	Escherichia coli - Bacteria	The uidA gene expresses beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Expression of this enzyme allows detection in the laboratory of transformed cells by using a simple colour change assay. Typically used as a reporter gene or visual marker gene.
46076	URA3	Selectable marker genes and reporter genes	Candida albicans - Yeast	Orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase is an enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis. It is typically used as a molecular genetic marker, but decreased expression when integrated at ectopic chromosomal locations can cause defects in hyphal growth and virulence.
46080	URA3		Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast	In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the biosynthesis of uracil requires the products of at least five unlinked genes, URA1 to URAS. Lacroute has proposed a regulatory system in which the last enzyme of the pathway, orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (the URA3 gene product), is induced by dihydroorotate. The level of URA3 mRNA, as measured by hybridization to URA3 DNA, varies coordinately with the enzyme activity. The URA3 gene istranscriptionally regulated. Plasmids carrying the URA3 gene on a 1.1-kilobase (kb) DNA insert have been frequently used as yeast cloning vectors. Transcription of the URA3 gene may result in production of multiple, discrete, polyadenylated [poly(A)'] RNA species.
14990	vip3A(a)	Lepidoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki	The vip3A(a) gene codes for a vegetative insecticidal protein which confers tolerance to lepidopteran insect pests such as the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), and cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella).
45877	xylE	Selectable marker genes and reporter genes	Pseudomonas - Bacteria	The xylE gene product rapidly converts colorless catechol to an intensely yellow oxidation product.
46333	2mepsps	Glyphosate tolerance	Zea mays L. - Corn, Maize	The 2mepsps gene was generated by introducing mutations into the wild-type epsps (wt epsps) gene from maize, leading to a double mutant EPSPS protein with two amino acid substitutions (2mEPSPS). This modification confers the protein a decreased binding affinity for glyphosate, allowing it to maintain sufficient enzymatic activity in the presence of the herbicide. Therefore, the plants bearing this gene are tolerant to glyphosate herbicides.
46121	7Crp gene	Other medical products	Cryptomeria japonica - Japanese cedar	The 7Crp peptide is the hybrid peptide of seven major human T-cell epitopes derived from Japanese cedar pollen allergens Cry j 1 and Cry j 2. Allergy prevention
45818	Ag85a gene	Animal vaccines	Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Bacteria	Used in a chimeric mycobacterium tuberculosis gene vaccine, which comprises Ag85a gene (encoding a structural protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis) in conjunction with ESAT6 gene of mycobacterium tuberculosis, wherein the ESAT6 gene is inserted into the sequence of Ag85a gene, and the Ag85a gene is inserted to eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1. Production of <medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal)> Vaccines
41319	ahas	Imidazolinone tolerance
45795	Alpha S1 caesin gene		Bos taurus - Cattle	The caseins are the major milk proteins of mammals. Their dual function for the suckling infant is to serve as a major source of amino acids, as well as to transport phosphate and calcium in sufficient amounts to support growth of bones. Alpha S1 caesin aids in the export of the caseins out of the endoplasmic reticulum. Changes in <quality and/or metabolite content> Protein and amino acids
43794	Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase (5AT) gene	Coloration	Torenia hybrida - Torenia	Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase is an enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that alters the production of a type of anthocyanin called delphinidin.
45848	beta-LG variant DNA		Bos taurus - Cattle	Transport and uptake of retinol
45915	cct (c-cpn or TriC)		Danio rerio - Zebrafish	This chaperonin is essential for the productive folding of actins and tubulins. There is also evidence that CCT participates in the folding of Gα transducin, cyclin E, and the Hippel–Landau tumor suppressor protein VHL.
45914	cct (c-cpn or TriC)		Carassius auratus - Goldfish	This chaperonin is essential for the productive folding of actins and tubulins. There is also evidence that CCT participates in the folding of Gα transducin, cyclin E, and the Hippel–Landau tumor suppressor protein VHL.
45840	cct (c-cpn or TriC)		Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout	This chaperonin is essential for the productive folding of actins and tubulins. There is also evidence that CCT participates in the folding of Gα transducin, cyclin E, and the Hippel–Landau tumor suppressor protein VHL.
45883	cDNA ecoding Hemagglutinin (HA)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), a homotrimer of subunits with two polypeptide chains, HA, and HA2, mediates binding of the virus to sialic acid-containing cell-surface receptors, initiating endocytosis, and the subsequent fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes by an acid-induced conformational change. A domain formed by the HA, chain contains the receptor-binding site and a significant proportion of the antigenic epitopes. The HA2 chain anchors HA in the viral membrane and contains the fusion peptide, a stretch of negatively charged and hydrophobic residues beginning at the N-terminus that interacts with target. HA, a major influenza surface glycoprotein, is translated as a single protein, HA0. For viral activation, HA0 (assembled as trimers) must be cleaved by a trypsin-like serine endoprotease at a specific site, normally coded for by a single basic amino acid (usually arginine) between the HA1 and HA2 domains of the protein. After cleavage, the two disulfide-bonded protein domains produce the mature form of the protein subunits as a prerequisite for the conformational change necessary for fusion and hence viral infectivity.
45854	cDNA encoding ADP-dependent glucokinase		Homo sapiens - Humans	ADP-GK catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate using ADP as the phosphate donor. GDP and CDP can replace ADP, but with reduced efficiency.
45882	cDNA encoding Matrix protein (M2)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	M2 is an ion channel protein involved in uncoating and HA maturation. It may play a role during early stages in viral entry. Potential vaccine target.
45885	cDNA encoding Neuraminidase (NA)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	The neuraminidase (NA) molecule of influenza A virus is a type II membrane glycoprotein. The NA facilitates the mobility of virions by removing sialic acid residues from virus and infected cells during both entry and release from the cells. Licensed seasonal influenza virus vaccines are designed to elicit a protective immune response to the HA and NA proteins. Unlike HA-specific antibodies, NA-specific antibodies do not prevent influenza virus infection, and NA immunity is referred to as infection permissive. However, humoral immunity induced by NA can markedly reduce virus replication and release, shortening the severity and duration of illness.
45896	cDNA encoding Non-structural protein (NS1)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	Vaccine target; Immunization with purified NS1 or passive administration of some anti-YF and anti-DEN NS1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) protects mice against lethal virus challenge. NS1 is believed to function as a cofactor in viral RNA replication. NS1 colocalizes with the double-stranded RNA replicative form, and viral RNA accumulation is attenuated by specific amino acid substitutions in the NS1 gene. Unlike the other nonstructural proteins, NS1 is secreted, and high levels (up to 50 µg/ml) are detected in the serum of DEN-infected patients and correlate with the development of severe disease. Additionally, NS1 becomes associated with cell surface membranes through an as yet undetermined mechanism. The function of secreted and cell-associated NS1 in the pathogenesis of flavivirus infection remains uncertain, although it has been hypothesized to participate in immune complex formation, the generation of autoantibodies that react with platelets and matrix proteins, and endothelial cell damage. NS1 is a highly conserved 48-kDa glycoprotein with 12 invariant cysteine residues.
45880	cDNA from RNA segment 5 encoding Nucleoprotein (NP)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	Nucleoprotein, a single-strand RNA (ssRNA) binding protein, is a key adaptor molecule between virus and host cell processes. It encapsidates the virus genome to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle for the purposes of transcription and packaging. NP is able to self-associate to form large oligomeric complexes. It also binds the PB1 and PB2 subunits of the polymerase and the matrix protein M1. NP has also been shown to interact with at least four cellular polypeptide families: nuclear import receptors of the importin {alpha} class, filamentous (F) actin, the nuclear export receptor CRM1 and a DEAD-box helicase BAT1/UAP56. For further information see References.
45884	cDNA from RNA segment 6 encoding Neuraminidase (NB)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	NB (a glycoprotein expressed in Influenza B) is an integral membrane protein expressed at the infected cell surface and is not in virions. Although its role in virus replication is still unknown, it is thought to be involved in organizing proteins at the cell surface to form patches of viral proteins or in the budding process.
45881	cDNA from RNA segment 7 encoding Matrix protein (M1)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	M1 functions in virus assembly. It is the major structural component of the virion which is thought to act as an adaptor between the lipid envelope and the internal RNP particles and is probably the driving force behind virus budding. Inside the shell of M1 lie the RNPs. M1 is involved in nuclear export of RNPs. M1 binds to the cell membrane by means of stretches of hydrophobic amino acids, and downregulates viral transcription.
45898	cDNA from segment 8 encoding Non-structural protein (NS2)		Orthomyxoviridae - Viruses, Influenza virus	It has been established that the protein is present in purified virions, where it interacts with the virus matrix (M1) protein. NS2 is also involed in RNP complex transportation and virus RNA replication. Aka. NEP
45835	cp (ORSV)	Virus resistance	Tobamovirus - Viruses, Odontoglossum ringspot virus	Facilitates systemic, long-distance, and cell-to-cell movement.
43771	cry1A.105 (also known as CS-cry1A.105 3.53)	Lepidoptera resistance	Bacillus thuringiensis	The cry1A.105 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis codes for a protein comprised of naturally occurring Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and Cry1Ac proteins that confer resistance against certain species of lepidoptera, such as fall armyworm (Spodoptera spp.) and black cutworm (Agroptis ipsilon). In further detail, cry1A.105 is a chimeric gene comprising of 4 domains from other cry genes previously used in transgenic plants. The amino acid sequences of Domains I and II are identical with the respective domains from Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac proteins, Domain III is almost identical to the Cry1F protein, and the C-terminal Domain is identical to Cry1Ac protein. The expression cassette for the coding sequence of the Cry1A.105 protein consists of the promoter (P-e35S) and leader for the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA with a duplicated enhancer region. The cassette also contains the 5' untranslated leader of the wheat chlorophyll a/b/ binding protein (L-Cab), the intron from the rice actin gene (I-Ract1), the cry1A.105 coding sequence that was optimized for expression in monocots, and the 3’ nontranslated region of the coding sequence for wheat heat shock protein 17.3 (T-Hsp17), which terminates transcription and provides the signal for mRNA polyadenylation (polyA tail).
45832	cyt-b gene			Cytochrome b is one of the cytochromes involved in the electron transport in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. The cytochrome b gene is the most widely used gene for phylogenetic work for several reasons. Although it evolves slowly in terms of non-synonymous substitutions, the rate of evolution in silent positions is relatively fast. The wide use of cytochrome b has created a status as a universal metric, in the sense that studies can be easily compared. Cytochrome b is thought to be variable enough for population level questions, and conserved enough for clarifying deeper phylogenetic relationships. However, the cytochrome b gene is under strong evolutionary constraints because some parts of the gene are more conserved than others due to functional restrictions. Phylogenetic marker
46078	Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) promoter		Rattus norvegicus - Brown rat
45841	D18S53	Selectable marker genes and reporter genes	Homo sapiens - Humans	Microsatellite marker on Chromosome 18
45799	DNA (chromosome 9p) encoding Talin (TLN)		Homo sapiens - Humans	Talin plays a key role in the assembly of actin filaments and in spreading and migration of various cell types. Talin is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein, localized at cell–extracellular matrix associations known as focal contacts. In these regions, talin is thought to link integrin receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. Talin proteins are found in a wide variety of organisms, from slime molds to humans. It is expressed in various human tissues, including leukocytes, lung, placenta, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, colon, skeletal muscle, and heart. Changes in <quality and/or metabolite content>
45800	DNA encdoing 2,6-sialyl transferase		Rattus rattus - Rat	Glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus synthesize cell wall polysaccharides and elaborate the complex glycans of glycoproteins. 2,6-sialyltransferase, is a glycosyltransferase of the mammalian trans-Golgi cisternae and the trans-Golgi network. The beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid onto exposed GalPl-4GlcNAc termini of N-linked oligosaccharides common to serum and cell surface glycoproteins. Although this sialyltransferase has widespread tissue distribution, it is particularly abundant in liver, the major site of serum glycoprotein synthesis.
46098	DNA encoding Initiation Factor 4A (eIF4AI)		Mus musculus - House mouse	Essential function in translation Member of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family that couples ATPase activity to RNA binding and unwinding.
45797	DNA encoding Initiation Factor 4A (eIF4AII)		Mus musculus - House mouse	Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is an RNA-dependent ATPase and ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is thought to melt the 5' proximal secondary structure of eukaryotic mRNAs to facilitate attachment of the 40S ribosomal subunit. eIF4A functions in a complex termed eIF4F with two other initiation factors (eIF4E and eIF4G). May be an intermediary in neural induction. Facilitates translation of certain mRNAs; DEAD-box RNA helicase
45798	DNA sequences encoding the eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A (eIF4AIII)		Mus musculus - House mouse	Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is an RNA-dependent ATPase and ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is thought to melt the 5' proximal secondary structure of eukaryotic mRNAs to facilitate attachment of the 40S ribosomal subunit. eIF4A functions in a complex termed eIF4F with two other initiation factors (eIF4E and eIF4G). Inhibits translation in a reticulocyte lysate system. Might play an inhibitory role in translation under physiological conditions. eIF4AIII, which is essential for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), constitutes at least part of the RNA-binding platform anchoring other EJC components to the spliced mRNA.
45817	DOC1			Doc1 (downregulated in ovarian cancer 1)/Apc10 has a role in APC-dependent ubiquitination reactions.
45811	E1 of Adenovirus		Adenoviridae - Viruses	E1 and E3 genes, deleted in most adenovirus vectors, induce unscheduled DNA synthesis and inhibit apoptotic cell death. E1 adenovirus (Ad) vector infection of human alveolar macrophages (AM) inhibits HIV-1 replication independently of any transgene. 4 early genes (E1-4) encode proteins for replication; E1 gene product trans-activates other early gene promoters
45803	E1 of Papillomavirus		Papillomaviridae - Viruses	E1 and E2 genes are necessary and sufficient for episomal viral DNA replication in cultured cells and in a cell-free system. E1 and E2 genes mediate plasmid DNA replication in cultured cells and in a cell extract